60K for Mazak software? What software did they quote you? A whole simulator unit? I'd get that requoted... somebody didn't understand something....
I assume you're programming/operating using Mazatrol? (conversational programming). There are a few platforms to help but none are necessarily "cheap" per se. Software such as Griffo Brothers (CamLink) and Solutionware (MazaCam).
As for the acronyms... there a few variations in use now but basically it's:
CAD = Computer Aided Design(or drafting, or drawing) ex: Pro-E, Solidworks, etc
CAM = Computer Aided Machining (ex: MasterCam, Gibbs, SurfCam, etc)
G-code = the codes used by the machine control to work the machine and build parts. Code is generated by a CAM system or can be handtyped...
If you're using the Mazatrol, you'll only see a small bit of G-code where you input for "G and M" on each unit operation or if you enter using "Manual Entry" key.
Have your boss look at MatrixCam from Mazak for software. This would work for the Integrex but may not be so lucky with the QT35 and its super old control. I doubt anyone has tried building usable CAMData for that machine (in MatrixCam)
It's just a part..... cutter still goes round and round....