Put shortly:
- The G540 can provide a max of 3.5A to a motor
- If a motor rated current is less than 3.5A you NEED to use current set resistors to make the G540 provide less current to the motors (otherwise you can kill them). Connect them at the G540 side, not the motor side!.
- A current set resistor is nothing more than a reference value to indicate the G540 what current to provide to each motor. e.g. 3.2K Ohm resistor sets the G540 at 3.2A.
- If no resistor is installed, the G540 will provide the most current it can (3.5A), for 3.5A and higher motors it's OK, but can kill motors with lower rated current (as mentioned earlier). The problem is, if no resistor is installed there's no current reduction. If aiming for a 3.5A resistor, I've read it's a good idea to use a slightly lower value resistor (also consider the resistor tolerance to make sure it's under 3.5K, or get a bunch of 3.48K, 1% tolerance resistors and use the ones with the lower measured values); IIRC, current reduction won't work with resistors over 3.5K (I could be wrong about this).
- Current reduction is a method the G540 uses to prevent unnecessary motor heat by reducing the current going into them when they're not active. Some stepper motors can get really hot near full current so it's a good idea to have the current resistor in place.